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Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants (: Children's Aid Society),〔OSE official website, ("Centennial brochure: OSE: 100 years of History, 1912-2012" ), Retrieved 28 April 2015.〕 referred to by its acronym as OSE, (infrequently written O.S.E.) is a French Jewish humanitarian organization that saved and aided many hundreds of mainly Jewish refugee children, both from France and from other Western European countries. This was before World War II; then primarily during World War II when OSE rescued the children away from the Nazis and threat of extermination; and also after World War II. During the most important period after the German occupation of France and the creation of Vichy France, OSE worked mainly in Vichy France. However, many of the OSE children had originally fled from Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Northern occupied France, and finally had arrived in Vichy France from occupied France. The original OZE (Obshchetsvo Zdravookhraneniya Yevreyiev, Organisation for the health protection of Jews), was created in 1912 in Saint Petersburg by doctors, to help needy members of the Jewish population. Branches were established in other countries. In 1923 the organization relocated in Berlin, under the symbolic presidency of Albert Einstein. In 1933, fleeing Nazism, it relocated again, this time to France where it became the Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants (Society for Rescuing Children), retaining a similar acronym. In France, the OSE ran Children's Homes (often called "Chateaux," but actually large "mansions," and see listing below). These Homes were for Jewish children of various ages, including infants, whose parents were either in Nazi concentration camps or had been killed. In March 1939, several transports brought German Jewish children to France. Other children arrived either on their own or were brought by relatives. By May 1939, the OSE Children's Homes held more than 200 refugee children. The children were schooled and trained according to their age. To prepare children for possible future dangers, the OSE teachers paid special attention to physical education and survival skills. A 1999 documentary "''The Children of Chabannes''" by filmmakers Lisa Gossels and Dean Wetherell is about one such home, Château de Chabannes, in a small village of Chabannes, where 400 Jewish children were saved from the Holocaust. In June–September 1941, Andree Salomon (importantly, see below) supervised three transports which brought about 350 children from the OSE homes through Marseille and to the United States.〔United States Holocaust Memorial Museum USHMM caption to photo 38351, which shows Andree Salomon with several of these children〕 They were then sponsored by the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, The Jewish Children's Aid, and assisted by the American Friends (Quakers) Service Committee in Marseilles.〔(OSE Children's Chronology )〕 These 300 children were a part of the One Thousand Children story of rescue to the United States of unaccompanied children, but without their parents. Nearly all of those parents were later murdered by the Nazis. In 1942, the police began round ups and deportations from the orphanages to Nazi concentration and extermination camps, and the OSE organized underground network in order to smuggle the children to neutral countries. Some children were saved by French rescuers, and some joined French resistance. ==During the Second World War== The Rescue of Jewish children in France by the OSE, also its Aid to Adults〔Sources: www.ose.france.org written by Katy Hazan (co-author of "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1945, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008) Also: "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1944, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)〕〔. Katy Hazan is the official French OSE historian. She is the co-author of "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1945, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)〕== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Œuvre de secours aux enfants」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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